Explosivity of basaltic lava fountains is controlled by magma rheology, ascent rate and outgassing

NanoSIMS results from olivine-hosted melt embayments: Magma ascent rate during explosive basaltic eruptions

Magma Ascent by Porous Flow

Porous flow of buoyant liquid through partially molten rock is regarded as the initial transport process leading to magma segregation in the mantle. Recent work has identified the importance of matrix deformation and compaction in this process. We present finite-difference calculations based on a generalized form of Darcy's law that includes matrix deformation, in two-dimensional Cartesian and ...

Ascent and Eruption of Basaltic Magma on the Earth and Moon

Geological and physical observations and constraints are applied to the development of a model of the ascent and emplacement of basaltic magma on the earth and moon. Mathematical models of the nature and motion of gas/liquid mixtures are developed and show that gas exsolution from terrestrial and lunar magmas commonly only occurs at shallow depths (less than 2 km); thus the ascent of bubble-fre...

What factors control superficial lava dome explosivity?

Dome-forming eruption is a frequent eruptive style and a major hazard on numerous volcanoes worldwide. Lava domes are built by slow extrusion of degassed, viscous magma and may be destroyed by gravitational collapse or explosion. The triggering of lava dome explosions is poorly understood: here we propose a new model of superficial lava-dome explosivity based upon a textural and geochemical stu...

Outgassing from Open and Closed Magma Foams

1 School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom, Geological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand, 3 Imaging and Medical Beamline, Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, VIC, Australia, 4 Section for Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany